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Non-voluntary euthanasia (sometimes known as mercy killing) is euthanasia conducted where the explicit consent of the individual concerned is unavailable, such as when the person is in a persistent vegetative state, or in the case of young children.〔(Mercy killing facts ). Buzzle.〕 It contrasts with ''involuntary'' euthanasia, where euthanasia is performed ''against'' the will of the patient. The decision can be made based on what the incapacitated individual would have wanted, or it could be made on substituted judgment of what the decision maker would want where he or she is in the incapacitated person's place, or finally, the decision could be made by the doctor by their own decision. ==Legal status== (詳細はlethal injection, to kill and is the most controversial means. A number of authors consider these terms to be misleading and unhelpful. ''Active'' non-voluntary euthanasia is illegal in all countries in the world, although it is practised in the Netherlands on infants (see below) under an agreement between physicians and district attorneys. ''Passive'' non-voluntary euthanasia (withholding life support) is legal in various countries, such as India, Albania, and many parts of the United States and is practiced in English hospitals.〔http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/full/162/6/2029〕 Non-voluntary euthanasia has been heavily debated. For example, Len Doyal, a professor of medical ethics and former member of the ethics committee of the British Medical Association, argued for legalization, saying in 2006 that "()roponents of voluntary euthanasia should support non-voluntary euthanasia under appropriate circumstances and with proper regulation". Arguing against legalization, Peter Saunders, campaign director for Care Not Killing, an alliance of Christian and disability groups, called Doyal's proposals "the very worst form of medical paternalism whereby doctors can end the lives of patients after making a judgment that their lives are of no value and claim that they are simply acting in their patients' best interests". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Non-voluntary euthanasia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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